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To termites, any breach of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential violation, the soldiers usually bang their minds, apparently to attract other soldiers for defence and also to recruit additional workers to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites which induces them to be alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which can be a way to recruit extra workers.56.

The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that possess the capability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection that they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles throughout the plan of evolution and must be fed by employees.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids that nasutes secrete.156 Likewise, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a huge gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland gets very tacky on contact with the atmosphere, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, additionally engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block which denies entry to any attacker.161.

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Workers use a number of different approaches to deal with their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To prevent pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys a corpse in the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which strategy is used depends on the nature of this corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e.

A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown balls, known as"termite balls", seldom kill the eggs, and in certain cases the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant have been known to capture termites to use as a fresh food source later on, rather than killing them. By way of example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who try to escape are immediately seized and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other published here ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis assault the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographic range; another is to shield themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a consequence, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.

Mounds may also provide shelter and heat to birds, lizards, snakes and scorpions.56.

Termites are known to carry pollen and frequently see flowers,177 are considered as potential pollinators for a number of flowering plants.178 One blossom in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is frequently pollinated by foraging workers, and it is perhaps the only Orchidaceae blossom in the world to be pollinated by termites.177

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Many plants have grown effective defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only develop when they've passed the seedling stage.179 Defence is normally accomplished by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.

When retained close to the infusion, they become disoriented and eventually perish.181.

Termite populations can be substantially impacted by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian study investigated the termite assemblages of 3 sites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites had been present in the three sites, and 196 encounters were listed in the transects.